Economic Underdevelopment and Dependency
Colonial exploitation left many countries economically underdeveloped.
- Infrastructure was designed to serve extraction, not local development.
- Post-colonial economies often remained dependent on former colonial powers.
- Wealth inequality and poverty are rooted in colonial histories.
Social and Political Consequences
- Arbitrary borders and divisions sowed ethnic conflicts.
- Colonial governance styles influenced post-independence authoritarianism.
- Cultural disruptions continue to affect identity and cohesion.
Environmental Impacts
- Resource extraction led to deforestation, soil depletion, and ecological damage.
- Colonial agricultural policies transformed landscapes, sometimes unsustainably. shutdown123